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Time and Temperature-Sensitive Cargo

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5th September 2024

Cargo being loaded into aircraft

Since its emergence in the late 1700s, when fishermen used natural ice to preserve their precious cargo at sea, the cold chain and its logistics have come a long, long way.

Today, air freight is widely used for the most time-sensitive and sought-after products, however, the delivery and storage of temperature-sensitive goods, such as food or medications, is one of the key challenges in air freight operations that continues to raise questions.

How can you make sure your temperature-sensitive cargo will reach its destination safe and sound every time? It’s important to understand that the integrity and quality of the products you are transporting depend on proper temperature control, and any deviation from the recommended range can lead to significant losses.

Understanding Cold Chain Logistics in Air Freight

Airfreight aircraft waiting for cargo to be loaded

Cold chain logistics cover everything from specialized transportation to storage processes, and are designed to maintain the optimal temperature of perishable goods and other temperature-sensitive cargo all throughout the supply chain. To understand it better, you can imagine the cold chain as a series of interconnected activities, such as refrigerated warehousing, temperature-controlled transportation, and monitoring systems. Each step is crucial in working together and ensuring that the cargo remains within a required temperature range from the point of origin to its final destination.

What makes this transportation process extra challenging is that any break in the cold chain could lead to spoilage, reduced effectiveness, or even complete loss of products, which in turn can result in significant financial losses and health risks for everyone involved. This is why maintaining the integrity of the cold chain should be the top priority of the air cargo service provider, so that your goods reach consumers or patients in the best possible condition.

Let’s also not forget that given the perishable nature of many products we tend to find in the cold chain, speed is everything. Airfreight is the fastest transportation method out there, significantly reducing transit times compared to other, also popular yet less efficient modes, like sea or road transport. Such speed is particularly helpful when it comes to supporting pharmaceutical businesses, handling vaccines and biologics, which, to still remain effective, must reach the destination very quickly.

Other than speed, businesses and organizations turn to airfreight for enhancing the efficiency of the cold chain. Modern air cargo facilities are known to be equipped with the most advanced temperature-controlled environments, which allows your goods to be stored under optimal conditions while in transit. Also, many airlines have developed specialized services for cold chain logistics to offer even more precise temperature management and real-time tracking capabilities. Thanks to these innovations, you can now rest assured that your time-sensitive cargo is being handled with professional care — minimizing the risk of temperature deviations and maintaining product integrity throughout each step of the journey.

Key Sectors Relying on Cold Chain Air Freight

Time sensitive cargo being loaded into aircraft

While it’s believed that all products are better to be transported in certain conditions depending on the sector they come from and the specific requirements associated with it, several key industries depend heavily on cold chain logistics and airfreight services to ensure the safe and timely delivery of temperature-sensitive products. Here are some of the most frequent users of these services:

1. Pharmaceuticals and healthcare

The pharmaceutical industry must opt for the reliability of air cargo for life-saving products like vaccines, biologics, insulin, and other medications, which require strict temperature controls to remain safe and, most importantly, effective to use.

2. Food and beverage

Perishable goods such as fresh produce, seafood, and dairy products require cold chain logistics to prevent spoilage. More often than not, airfreight is the go-to choice for food or drink items of higher value, which can only maintain optimal freshness and meet the ever-changing consumer demand by spending minimal time in transit.

3. Biotechnology and life sciences

Cold chain logistics is the indispensable solution in transporting temperature-sensitive research materials, samples, and reagents for scientific and/or medical use, which helps ensure these critical items reach their destinations in perfect condition and intact, every time.

4. Chemical and industrial products

Certain chemicals and industrial materials that are more sensitive to temperature changes than others, rely on cold chain logistics and airfreight for safe and timely delivery, preserving their unique properties for further use without any unexpected issues.

5. Floral industry

Flowers and other plants, being highly perishable, should also be transported via airfreight (when possible), so each stem or seedling reaches the customer fresh, as if it was just picked straight from the fields nearby.

Challenges in Cold Chain Air Freight Logistics

Transportation of temperature sensitive goods.

As in everywhere, air cargo for temperature-sensitive goods is not without its challenges. The delicate nature of such transportation, combined with the wide variety of cargo types, presents a list of challenges that must be approached with care and expertise, otherwise, the integrity of the products can be affected. Please get familiar with the most common obstacles in airfreight before booking a cargo charter:

Maintaining temperature levels
Ensuring consistent temperature control throughout the journey is critical — any deviations, even for short periods, can compromise the quality of the cargo. Temperature fluctuations can occur during loading, unloading, or due to equipment failure, emphasizing the importance of choosing only experienced and innovation-savvy service providers, who use reliable temperature monitoring systems.

Regulatory compliance
Strict regulations govern the transport of temperature-sensitive cargo, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Compliance with Good Distribution Practice (GDP) and other international standards is mandatory. Documentation, proper labelling, and adherence to specific handling procedures are required to operate according to various regulatory standards, adding another layer of complexity to the overall logistics process.

Handling delays
Delays due to weather, customs clearance, or logistical issues can pose significant risks. For example, extended delays can lead to temperature excursions and cause product spoilage. As your trusted airfreight provider, Chapman Freeborn always has contingency plans and backup systems in place to mitigate the risks associated with any possible delays.

Temperature deviations are not something cargo handlers should ignore — they can render drugs and vaccines ineffective, which often lead to dangerous health risks for users and significant financial losses for product owners. Spoilage due to temperature fluctuations, on the other hand, can presents new issues such as safety concerns and unnecessary waste, which both directly correlate with consumer trust and brand reputation, not to mention regulatory non-compliance and how it can also result in legal penalties and/or product recalls.

The Many Layers of Temperature-Controlled Air Cargo Process

Temperature- controlled air cargo loading

The cold chain in air involves temperature control at all stages of transport, not just onboard: from loading at the point of origin, time in the hold, waiting in the warehouse, time on the runway, and, finally, distribution. To guarantee the effectiveness of the cold chain, some important aspects need to be considered for each charter flight:

Choose your packaging material carefully to guarantee that the product is protected during the entire transportation process. All products must be completely sealed to avoid external contamination or proliferation of bacteria or other microorganisms.

Constant monitoring of temperature and humidity is an absolute must. It’s the only way for you to ensure that proper conditions are maintained during the whole transportation process of your goods.

Apart from the use of suitable air cargo systems on airplanes with refrigeration and thermal insulation technology, innovative temperature recording and tracking systems are also implemented to provide accurate and timely information on the condition of the product throughout the transportation process. This allows the customer and the air charter service provider to follow the status and condition of the goods in real time.

It is important to have contingency procedures and emergency response plans in place in case any immediate action needs to be taken in the event of temperature changes or any other hazardous situation during transportation.

Best Practices for Ensuring Cold Chain Integrity

Your primary concern as someone planning to transport temperature-sensitive products likely remains the same: how can this cargo flight be the safest and most effective solution? First of all, all cold chain logistics must comply with the regulations set by agencies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the World Health Organization, and the European Medicines Agency, which have established guidelines for the transportation and storage of such goods. In addition to that, here are some of our time-proven practices for implementing a cold chain:

Transportation and storage of food

  • Conducting a risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities.
  • Choosing appropriate containers and packing that meet the requirements for temperature control.
  • Monitoring temperature and other environmental conditions during transportation and storage, be it with sensors or real-time data recorders.
  • Making sure to perform regular audits and inspections to verify compliance with regulatory standards.
  • Certification is also crucial. IATA and WHO give certificates only to organizations that satisfy the specific criteria for cold chain air freight operations. Feel free to ask for these certificates from your air charter provider, as they function as proof that the company has the right setup, protocols, and mechanisms in place to maintain the necessary temperature conditions.

Trust the Experts

Reliable, temperature-controlled solutions are key when worrying if your goods can not only travel safely from point A to B, but also always arrive in optimal condition. We recommend prioritizing quality and compliance in your cold chain logistics strategies, as it creates the straightest path to meeting regulatory standards and protecting the value of your cargo.

For expert guidance and support in navigating the complexities of cold chain logistics, reach out to the experienced air charter brokers at Chapman Freeborn — we are available 24/7 to assist you with tailored solutions! Contact us at [email protected] to get started.

 

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